Promovendo transições processo-objeto e uma compreensão mais profunda no domínio dos números e operações
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48489/quadrante.23030Palavras-chave:
transição processo-objeto, adição, subtração, compreensão conceptual, técnicas rotineirasResumo
A essência deste artigo é que é necessária uma mudança para um currículo de matemática em que o objetivo principal é o ensino para a compreensão. Antes de discutir o que essa mudança pode acarretar, são apresentados dois argumentos convincentes para fundamentar essa mudança. Um é baseado na investigação, que mostra que a ênfase unilateral nas técnicas induz o ensino de técnicas isoladas, específicas de um tópico, levando a um baixo nível de proficiência. O outro argumento fundamenta-se na observação de que o papel da Matemática na sociedade está a mudar e que, como consequência disso, a importância de dominar as técnicas rotineiras diminui, enquanto a necessidade de compreender a Matemática aumenta. Com base nestes dois argumentos, defende-se uma mudança, de uma ênfase nas técnicas rotineiras para uma ênfase na compreensão. Isto liga-se à tese de que uma compreensão matemática profunda só pode ser alcançada quando os alunos constroem objetos matemáticos reificando processos matemáticos. Para o domínio dos números e operações, a ideia de objetos matemáticos está ligada à noção de articulações em redes de relações numéricas. A parte central do artigo é uma exploração de como seria a educação matemática no domínio dos números e operações se fosse organizada ao longo da linha de transições de processo-objeto e de como as relações numéricas podem ser usadas para resolver o tipo de tarefas numéricas comummente resolvido com procedimentos padrão. Esta exploração termina com o esboço de uma potencial sequência de ensino para a adição e a subtração até 100.
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